Which conflict resolution method requires the parties to present their case to a third party?

The correct choice is the method known as arbitration. In arbitration, both parties involved in a conflict present their case and evidence to a neutral third party, referred to as an arbitrator. This arbitrator listens to the arguments from both sides and then makes a binding decision based on the information presented. This process is formal and structured, resembling a court trial, which allows for a clear resolution to the dispute.

Arbitration is distinct from methods like mediation and conciliation, where the third party does not make a binding decision but instead facilitates communication and negotiation between the parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution. Negotiation, on the other hand, is a direct discussion between the parties themselves, without the involvement of a third party, focusing solely on finding a compromise. Each method serves different situations based on the level of formality and control the parties wish to maintain over the outcome.