Which conflict resolution method involves an unbiased third party making a decision after hearing both parties?

The method that involves an unbiased third party making a decision after hearing both parties is arbitration. In arbitration, the arbitrator listens to the evidence and arguments presented by each side and then makes a binding decision that resolves the conflict. This process is more formal than mediation or conciliation and is akin to going to court, but it generally occurs outside the court system.

Unlike mediation, where the mediator facilitates a discussion to help the parties reach their own agreement without making a decision for them, arbitration results in a definitive ruling by the arbitrator. Similarly, conciliation is a process that also involves a third party, but typically the conciliator helps the parties communicate and may propose solutions without having the authority to make a binding decision.

Litigation refers to the process of taking legal action in court, which includes a judge or jury making the final determination. However, in arbitration, the focus is on a single arbitrator or a panel, who acts independently and renders a ruling that both parties must adhere to, thereby providing a conclusive resolution to the dispute.