What type of evidence technique is used by exposing surfaces to light and a polarized filter?

The technique that involves exposing surfaces to light and a polarized filter is known as the photonics method. This method takes advantage of the properties of polarized light to enhance the visibility of certain types of evidence, particularly fingerprints and other residues. When light is directed towards a surface and filtered through a polarizing filter, it can illuminate the contrast between different materials, making hidden or latent fingerprints more visible.

This technique is particularly effective because it allows investigators to visualize marks that might not be detectable with the naked eye or with other methods. By adjusting the angle of the polarized light, investigators can often enhance the detail of the evidence, which is crucial for forensic analysis.

In contrast, other methods mentioned, such as the super glue method and the dusting method, focus on different aspects of evidence gathering. The super glue method involves fuming surfaces with cyanoacrylate to reveal fingerprints, while the dusting method utilizes powdered substances to reveal prints through adhesion. The adhesive tape method, used for lifting dusted fingerprints or collecting other residues, does not involve the manipulation of light in the same way as the photonics method. Therefore, the reliance on light and polarity distinguishes the photonics technique as the correct answer.