What distinguishes covert surveillance from overt surveillance?

Covert surveillance is characterized by the investigator operating in a manner that does not reveal their identity or presence to the subjects being observed. This technique is often employed in scenarios where discretion is necessary to avoid alerting the target, thereby allowing for more natural behavior and interactions to be documented. The lack of disclosure about the investigator’s identity is crucial because it maintains the integrity and validity of the data collected, which can be critical in investigations such as infidelity cases, fraud detection, or background checks.

In contrast, overt surveillance entails observable actions where the subject is aware they are being watched. This method might utilize visible cameras or other surveillance equipment, which serves different purposes, including compliance and deterrence. Understanding the distinction between these two methods is essential for private investigators as it informs their planning and execution strategies to gather information effectively while adhering to legal and ethical standards.